Humic acid (Humic acid, HA) is widespread in the natural product of the earth's surface, is a kind of high polymer by peat and weathering coal was provided in the soil and weak acid mixture, natural HA is formed after the dissociation of plant residues, consisting of C, H, O, N and other elements, insoluble in water that is acidic, and the effect of alkali, generate humic acid salt: soluble in water.
The chemical structure of HA, the domestic and foreign scholars have studied M.Schnitzer made of fulvic acid using a variety of methods to construct hypothetical. But it is still not sure. In 1975 some people with HA treatment, such as topical treatment of acute eczema, dermatitis, oral treatment of thyroid hyperfunction of peptic ulcer, such as: people have reported has good curative effect. In order to investigate the pharmacological effects of HA, provide a theoretical basis for clinical use, some domestic units began to research the application of HA medicine. Pharmacological research also accumulated more material. This paper reviewed pharmacology research on HA, the reference for relevant professional workers.
A study and anti inflammatory effect
In 1975, the popular HA folk therapy, a topical treatment of eczema, dermatitis and other skin diseases. Clinical observation of HA like inhibitory inflammatory effect. From 1976 onwards China began experiments of HA anti-inflammatory effect. This work is focused on identifying around the HA with different pathological model, have anti-inflammatory effect and its possible mechanism.
Sun Manqin observed Beijing zhaitiang weathering HA and fulvic acid (Fulvic acid) and Beijing Yanqing HA and alcohol (ulmic acid), alcohol insoluble fraction (fulvic acid) anti-inflammatory effect. The use of formaldehyde in rat paw swelling were proved to have inhibitory effect on the paw swelling of the four preparations. Use the mouse ear inflammation induced by xylene, that four formulations has inhibitory exudation, using rat subcutaneous transplantation cotton ball method, to observe its effect on the proliferation of granulation tissue, that in addition to Beijing Zhaitang weathered coal HA. The other three formulations have significant inhibitory effect.
Lin Bin observed the anti-inflammatory effect of Beijing weathered coal total HA and Henan Gongxian weathered coal HA, proved that the two formulations have anti gate formaldehyde induced paw swelling and transplantation of cotton caused granulation tissue proliferation effect. The authors show that the increase of Beijing Feng coal total HA inhibition caused by histamine injection of skin vascular permeability in rats. Meng Zhaoguang observed in various HA Beijing weathered coal contains: Yellow H (FA) and anti-inflammatory effects of brown HA, black HA and HA, increased exudation proved obviously inhibited the formaldehyde induced paw swelling and mouse abdominal inflammation, also significantly inhibit cotton transplantation in rats caused by granulation tissue hyperplasia, Wang Zongrui to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of Lianjiang peat HA, proved to have obvious inhibitory effects on formaldehyde or Dan Qing induced rat paw edema. For a 5 increase, histamine, serotonin induced capillary permeability and inflammatory granulation hyperplasia at white cotton cell transplantation in rats caused by migration was inhibited.
These anti-inflammatory experiment results. Study on comprehensive around, can be considered to have tried HA are inhibiting the inflammatory exudation, most have inhibited the late granulation tissue hyperplasia function, this function may be common clinical basis for the treatment of various inflammatory.
Guo Chenghong had ten of the country's production, the China Institute of chemistry of the refined HA preparations were compared against acetic acid induced mouse peritoneal vascular leakage proof effect, Tulu, Beijing: the inhibition rate of HA was 65%. Zhaotong, Lianjiang HA inhibition rate was 58% and 45%. Pu Zhibin had eight HA preparations from different sources, although the foot Shu swelling method. Compared the anti-inflammatory effects, Beijing Wangming weathered coal HA; most effected Zhaotong HA, Turpan FA, Quanzhou Gongxian and HA, Pingxiang HA times. Dunhua and Kunming did not see the anti-inflammatory effect of HA. Comparison of the two reports, visible experimental methods were different, the conclusions are almost the same, such as Beijing, Zhaotong and Turpan have proved HA good effect, large differences in individual agents such as Quanzhou HA two report results. Two reports will prove some HA did not see the anti-inflammatory effect.
HA: the role of anti Chu strength: Sun Manqin mouse ear inflammation induced by xylene experiments show that Beijing FA Na anti-inflammatory inhibition rate and similar sodium salicylate. Guo Chenghong song caused by croton ear inflammation in mice after HA method proved that Lianjiang Chemical Research Institute has been refined by pharmacology of Zhanjiang Medical College room refined about "02 components" inhibit the oozing effect that the inhibition rate was 63.26%, while the Analginum inhibition rate was 20 - 30%, inhibition of hydrocortisone was 70 - 75%, i.e. the 02 components of the inflammatory exudation than analgin, approximation and hydrocortisone.
The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of HA: China also carried out some exploration. There are many scholars consider whether the adrenal cortex xian. Experiments with formaldehyde induced rat paw edema were observed in HA inhibition of swelling of normal and resection of bilateral adrenal after difference, Sun Manqin proved that Beijing FA, Beijing Yanqing Zhaitang weathered coal and peat HA alcohol insoluble part of anti swelling of the foot without resection of adrenal changes in rats that do not depend on the field of anti-inflammatory pituitary adrenal system deposit to the author also proved that Yanqing peat HA alcohol HA and Meng Zhaoguang on Beijing weathered coal, the removal of the adrenal gland of rat paw swelling formaldehyde disc almost no inhibitory effect, that the anti-inflammatory effects of these agents. Mainly through the activation of the pituitary adrenal system, promote the release of corticosteroid induced and ACTH. Sun Manqin that Beijing Yanqing peat HA inhibition effect on rat kidney after resection of urea formaldehyde paw swelling still, but is not cut for weak. Wang Zongrui that Lianjiang HA on the removal of the adrenal gland in rats paw swelling and anti-inflammatory effects of formaldehyde. And given HA can reduce the content of Vit.C in rat adrenal gland, so that the anti-inflammatory effect of HA is related to the adrenal gland, but not completely dependent on adrenal cortical arousal, there may be other anti-inflammatory mechanism.
Because of various kinds of inflammation is closely related to inflammation especially allergic reaction caused by histamine and release, and because Lin Zhibin had proved that Beijing weathered coal HA, Wang Zongrui has proved that Lianjiang HA against histamine induced capillary permeability increasing effect. The anti-inflammatory effect of HA is due to the anti histamine induced by pharmacological problems caused by scholars, such as Meng Zhaoguang effect observation of Beijing weathered coal FA about amine induced swelling of rats. The results show that these two HA only in the late inflammation have obvious inhibitory effect, so that the anti-inflammatory effect is not entirely due to the confrontation inflammatory mediators induced by histamine. Wang Zongrui used to prove that Lianjiang cannot antagonize the HA ileum of guinea pig histamine and 5 hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) caused by intestinal muscle excitability, that HA is not due to anti-inflammatory mediators of inflammation or against histamine induced by HT - 5.
People pay attention to anti rheumatic salicylic acid could inhibit hyaluronidase associated with the inflammatory process (Hyalur - Dase), Tangner (1963) reported that HA can inhibit hyaluronidase activity. Activity, in vitro and in rats with intradermal hyaluronidase that Lianjiang HA has inhibitory effect on the determination of Wu Songxia, that the anti-inflammatory and the role of.
Wang Fa from the trace metal ions and inflammation analysis HA anti-inflammatory mechanism, he believes that copper and zinc ions are closely related to inflammation, from the molecular level, the chemical process of inflammation are radicals, use and elimination process. Generation of superoxide free radicals during inflammation, these can be given a free enzyme eliminating superoxide dismutase. This enzyme is the enzyme containing copper and zinc, eliminate free radical, protect cells. Therefore in the copper and zinc ions, enhance superoxide dismutase activity, promote superoxide dismutase of inflammation was controlled. In addition, copper ions and regulation of prostaglandin synthesis, which regulates the activity of lysosomal membrane stability, etc.. Zinc ion and calcium regulatory protein (Calmodullu) through some form of binding, thereby inhibiting calcium influx into damaged tissue, inflammation caused by inhibition of calcium ion. The author thinks that the pharmacological effects of known HA pharmacological effects and / or zinc and copper ions are very similar, so it is reasonable to assume the pharmacological action of HA is complex in the HA (zinc or copper ions). In the process of pure HA, ash less effect is worse, to support the above argument, all kinds of HA contain some ash, ash even at around 1%, which contains metal ions to play its pharmacological action.
These are some views on the mechanism of anti-inflammatory HA. Wang Fa's idea has its basis, but also further confirmed. As the intensity of the effects of HA and zinc and / or copper ion content in parallel with HA containing zinc and copper ions can play the role of the HA. "The more refined, the ash content is less, the worse the effect of this discussion, also need to be further confirmed.
Around the HA containing different components. The anti-inflammatory effects of strength, when the mechanism is also different. Research so far not consistent is understandable, have certain contribution to the exploration of its pharmacological action.
Two, the role of peptic ulcer
Since 1974, more and more people report HA clinical treatment of ulcer disease effectively, can confirm this effect in animal experiments, but as discussed nine topics with heart. Guo Chenghong (1977) in pylorus ligated rats H.Shay's made ulcer model, observation of the Lianjiang HA (Chinese Institute of chemistry preparation) on ulcer formation, proved by 50mg / kg intraperitoneal injection (1.P), and the control of Shaoxing comparison, has obvious inhibitory effect on ulcer formation. The intragastric administration of 100mg (P.O) / Ks no influence on ulcer formation, followed by the same laboratory Xing Lianying (1980) has proved that the above results and further prove that the 02 components of 70rmg / kgI.P on water immersion was significantly inhibited, and the 02 component 2C0mg / kg P.O did not see the inhibition of ulcer the formation of. In 1981 Xing Lianying proved that the formation of "02 components" 30mg / kgI.P, HA70mg / kgI.P inhibited Lianjiang water immersion stress ulcer, the inhibition rates were 17% and 63.1%, according to Wang Demin, the improved method of Okabe, caused by acetic acid induced ulcer, that "02 components" 150mg / kgP.O, total l0 day, obviously promote ulcer healing, the healing rate of 35.9 light (P<0.05), the same year Wang Demin with acetic acid induced ulcer rats were observed by Beijing peat HAl50mg / kgP.O, once daily for eight days of the experiment proved the therapeutic effect, can promote the healing of the ulcer healing rate was 58% (P<0.02 Su Bingwen, Li Yan, etc.), Beijing (1981) were HAl50mg / P.O peat soil ", the daily times, on the ten day of treatment, the ulcer rats induced by acetic acid on the treatment effect, and describes the drug group and control group of ulcer histology, proving that Beijing peat HA can promote the healing of ulcer. The control group in the observation of ten days, some repair ulcer accounted for only 28.5%, while the drug group, ulcer of the total effective rate was 87.1%, the drug group of ulcer area average diameter 1680.4, compared with the control group with an average diameter of 2829.2 much smaller (P<0.01), to the length of the medicine group and the mucosal hyperplasia area, mean the muscularis mucosa and muscular layer of the regeneration of muscle length, are far bigger than the control group (P<0.01), indicating that HA can promote ulcer healing in rats, this effect is due to H A can promote tissue regeneration, accelerate ulcer healing.
We were in HA on the basis of pyloric ligation, and water immersion stress ulcer model induced by acetic acid etc. prevent formation and promote healing effect, has discussed the possible mechanisms of this action, Guo Chenghong (1978), in the proof of HA may prevent the formation of the role of the H.Sha's ulcer rat model, observe the effect of HA on gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion, HA of pigeon crop and isolated rabbit intestinal motility is not inhibited, and the volume of gastric juice and gastric acid secretion was inhibited, thus put forward the HA anti ulcer, not because it has anti cholinergic drugs, which may be caused by secretion direct inhibition of gastric acid, the Department of Xing on the 02 components of Lianying experiments also prove that the inhibition of gastric acid secretion and free volume effect. Because of the water immersion, mainly due to excessive tension caused by central nerve, 02 effective components, the inhibitory effect of 02 components may be formed in the process of central nervous excitement to ulcer will be.
Wang Demin HA on the inhibition of gastric acid secretion as a door for a detailed study, proved Beijing peat HA50rug / kgI.P (intraperitoneal injection) can inhibit pyloric ligation, gastric juice secretion 90%, total acid output: 95% Strider also proved that, in this model by HAX inch in histamine, Mao Guoyun alkali and five peptide gastrin can inhibit gastric acid secretion, so that part this action is very likely the cells, the author also hearing clear inhibition on gastric acid secretion in pylorus ligated rats, HA, HA and Beijing peat Zhaitang Turpan HA (the inhibition rate were 90, 84, 96) than the dining hall, Beijing Gongxian, Turpan three FA (the inhibition rates were 68, 67, 68) were measured by radioimmunoassay, the author (RIA), by Dan white as a stimulant to release gastrin in rats, demonstrated no effect of HA on the release of gastrin. In order to further infer the HA inhibition of gastric acid secretion is a direct effect on the cell wall caused by. By intracerebroventricular injection method, observed injection Gongxian / kg and HA0.25rug / FA0.16rug hall kg, can significantly inhibit gastric acid secretion in pylorus ligated rats, that HA may through the sympathetic nerve through certain receptors, sympathetic nerve, and inhibit gastric acid secretion by.
Guo Jian believes that zinc is an essential trace element in vivo synthesis, involved in Neidanbai, have a certain role in promoting the healing of the ulcer, the use of ZnCl2 tracer, observed the effect and distribution of zinc in gastric ulcer tissues and the HA Liu Xin and Beijing weathered coal distribution in the treatment process experiments show that zinc is evenly distributed in the the normal gastric wall, without ulcer bottom surface treatment, a small amount of zinc accumulation, the distribution is not uniform, after HA treatment, the ulcer tissue surface and deep layer, including necrosis and granulation tissue layer, there are many uneven distribution the author thinks the effect of HA on ulcer tissue, to repair about fabric hyperplasia the characteristics, distribution of HA in zinc, may have a certain impact, necrotic layer and granulation tissue edge ulcer treatment group more zinc accumulation, probably zinc has protective effect on cells, restore and participate in the organization, to promote the healing of ulcers.
Wang Jiren for the measurement of gastrointestinal propulsive distance of charcoal particles method, observation of Beijing peat HA on gastrointestinal peristalsis of mice that J significantly inhibited by HA0.5 - 20mg / ksIP, the author further in HA and at the same time with a variety of receptor antagonist atropine, phentolamine, heart Anne, naloxone only that, phentolamine (10m BA / kg) inhibition of HA can be reduced, thereby inhibiting gastrointestinal motility in corollary HA, possibly through a receptor / activities implementation.
In contrast with the experimental results, Ye Songbai in Sichuan province ABA to peat HA, observe the effect on gastric secretion in rats, 2% 0.5ml / K has even served three days, caused by histamine, gastrin, five pilocarpine gastric juice secretion and excretion of gastric acid has no effect. And given HA according to the above usage, prostaglandins in gastric mucosa of rats increased significantly, because prostaglandins have strong protective effect on the digestive tract, so that HA anti ulcer effect is caused by stimulation of gastric mucosa caused by prostaglandin synthesis.
In summary, all HA have tried a variety of anti ulcer or ulcer treatment effect. This is the experiment report published the same recognition. The anti ulcer mechanism, most experiments confirmed that HA could directly inhibit the release of gastric parietal cells of stomach acid. Some people have different views, needs to be further unified, preparation method, further study.
Three, the role of tumor
HA whether there are therapeutic effects of tumor, is the concern of the medical workers. Some reports show that HA has inhibitory effect of animal transplanted tumor. Such as Chinese medical science research system of drug has been shown to Shandong Zaozhuang FA on S180 W356 (Walker sarcoma and carcinosarcoma), reticulocytic leukemia l165 and Lewis lung cancer have certain curative effect. Fu Naiwu was in different parts of the tumor suppression effect of HA on domestic Xinjiang Turpan and Guangdong Lianjiang, found HA on S180 hepatoma and U14 sarcoma cervical cancer effectively. Zhang Tanmu observed the effect of FA on transplanted lame, that FA S37, reticulosarcoma: ASR has inhibitory effect on L615 leukemia can prolong the survival time of mice. Some of the tumor cells, to produce the anti tumor effect of administration before inoculation. In vitro, no cytotoxic effect on EOA cells nor prolong the survival period of Ehrlich ascites cancer. It is concluded that FA has anti-tumor effect in vivo and in vitro have no cytotoxicity, no effect on nuclear fission of humoral and cellular immunity has excited function, so it is a means of improving the body immunity, drugs to achieve the antitumor effect.
Some people have reported curative effect on certain tumor cells did not show. Such as Zhang Dehua proved that FA on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma had no inhibitory effect, the drug group did not reduce the amount of ascites. Xue Hongji used Shandong FA 500mg / day intravenous or oral 2%1.0ml / day treatment 25-30 days after surgery, not to have curative effect on liver cancer, lung cancer, but the patient subjective symptoms of private prosecution. The authors report a case of submandibular gland adenoid cystic carcinoma, after FA treatment, in addition to the symptoms, see also reduced the tumor mass.
Xue Hongji observed 27 cases of esophageal precancerous lesions, from the weathered coal refining of water soluble component of continuous treatment for two years, no cases of cancer, four consecutive years of follow-up, the cancer has not been found. China Tumor Research Institute of medical observation of patients without treatment, the natural incidence was 26.6%. The author thinks that HA is effective in the treatment of esophageal precancerous lesions.
Zhang Huihua using H thymidine autoradiography with H - TdR and H - H and urine pyridine nucleus, UR tracer detection of Beijing weathered coal HA on mice DNA and Ehrlich ascites cancer cell RNA synthesis, prove the inhibitory effect of FA on DINA ascites cancer cells cultured in vitro, RNA synthesis is not clear. Hymatomelanic acid on H - UR into effect in vitro, cancer cells cultured in RNA did not inhibit. The results do not support the HA treatment of tumor. Fu Naiwu also proves that there is no effect of DNA content on tumor tissue of S180 in peat HA, RNA content decreased; marker precursor experiments of two kinds of HA had no significant effect on H - TdR incorporation of DN (P>0.05), but HA was able to inhibit H peat UR RNA injection showed that the inhibitory effect of HA on RNA biosynthesis.
The comprehensive report, visible whether HA has anti-tumor effect, there is a large difference among the results of the experiment, in view of the domestic materials, it still can not fully prove that HA can inhibit the growth of tumor. Some people think that HA of tumor patients, it can improve appetite and general condition, increase patient resistance. The HA is not like other anticancer drugs, there is no strong inhibition on the hematopoietic system, has not been reported in other serious side effects, it can be used as auxiliary means for tumor treatment. In the clinic has yet to see a sure cure cancer report. Foreign Adamek.W at the fifth annual meeting of peat has reported that 13 cases of peat from the active material treatment of tumor patients, 10 cases were saved, 3 cases invalid, can not be sure to have anti lame effects, that can accelerate the mild precancerous degeneration and improve symptoms.
Four, the influence on immune function
In the HA study of anti-inflammatory. Sun Manqin that Beijing weathered coal FA has strengthen phagocytic function, because macrophages play an important role in the inflammatory response, so that the anti-inflammatory effects of FA may be related to strengthen the function of macrophage. Zhang Tanmu believes that the antitumor effect of FA, may also be the results strengthen the immune function. Some people speculate that after taking HA, patient appetite increases, the improvement of general condition, may also be the result of HA to strengthen the immune function. According to the objective situation in recent years, some domestic scholars have studied the effects of HA on immune function was observed, Shuzhi Beijing and Datong coal that weathering effect of FA on phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages, proved that the three kinds of FA are the phagocytic rate and phagocytic index increased in Beijing also proved FA on macrophage liver and spleen function also has the activation function, enhance the phagocytosis ability. Wu Tie proved that the Lianjiang HA "02 components" can enhance mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis when Ao, and this inhibition function of adrenal cortex hormone combination, inhibition against the latter, and the phagocytic function returned to normal. Also have to strengthen the function of murine peritoneal macrophages of HA Lin Zhibin proved from weathered coal. Once, (1982) to observe the effect of Shuzhi Beijing Yanqing weathered coal humic acid and fulvic acid brown sodium on immune function, prove that the two preparation has inhibitory effect on the phagocytic function of mouse peritoneal macrophages had no effect on the former, the latter; liver and spleen macrophage function, two had no obvious effect on the role of the thymus gland. Have reduced or even shrink, this opposite effect of two kinds of humic acid on the immune function of HA and peat in Beijing, the author thinks that this is due to the use of HA raw materials of different origin and different extraction methods, the chemical composition and biological activity of different.
Zhang Tanmu observed that the immune function of FA, 200mg / day, seven days to share the spleen and thymus weight had no obvious effect, but can resist cyclophosphamide and 5 fluorouracil (5 FU) to reduce the weight of spleen and thymus, restore normal. The formation of hemolysin, FA activity and inhibited the formation of hemolysin against cyclophosphamide and 5 - FU, the tumor associated immune, no obvious influence on graft-versus-host reaction, the spleen index of FA group compared with the control group, the difference was not significant, suggesting that FA has no obvious effect on cellular immunity in mice the static clearance of carbon particles injection, with no obvious influence.
The research department of Microbiology Shanxi Medical College also proved that the weathered coal produced by FA, has a stimulating effect on the formation of plaque. Li Yan observed 10 HA junction formed on the impact of E on a rose, HA of peripheral blood T lymphocyte function, experiments show that ten kinds of HA had inhibitory effects on the formation, which suggests that ten kinds of HA inhibited the cellular immune function, and to HA from weathered coal with the strongest inhibition. The inhibitory effect of HA on the worst of Maoming lignite.
Wu Tie, Guo Chenghong and so on Beijing weathered coal extraction of Beijing HA and Lianjiang HA extracted from peat "02 components" of the immune pharmacology of thymus weight ratio decreased 02, Beijing HA had no effect, but can reduce against prednisolone induced, the phagocytic function of the macrophage, has strengthening effect. Inhibitory effect of prednisolone and can be caused by the confrontation, and for the formation of PHA induced lymphocyte transformation strengthening hemolysin, inhibit and cyclophosphamide similar.
The effect of HA on immune, visible around the immune activity of HA is relatively small, such as Beijing, Beijing, HA peat HA Zhaitang Beijing Zhaitang FA and HA02 components are Lianjiang peat stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytic function, while Beijing Yanqing Brown humic acid and fulvic acid inhibited this function. For humoral immunity, with hemolysin formation, Henan FA promote and inhibit Beijing zhaitiang HA and Lianjiang peat HA02 components. For cellular immunity, Henan FA, Beijing HA and Lianjiang Zhaitang peat HA02 components have inhibitory effect.
Some people think that with HA, can enhance the body resistance ability, promote immune function experiment can explain this effect. But some experiments show that HA has inhibitory effect on immune function, whether this effect can be used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, still needs more observation.
Five, other
L to the heart, blood supply; someone is trying to treat coronary heart disease by HA, to determine whether the HA has a good effect on coronary artery, Guo Chenghong (1977) in rabbit models of acute myocardial ischemia on ECG T wave changes, Lianjiang HA20mg / kg intraperitoneal injection to observe the function, failed to prove that HA can improve the role of myocardial ischemia. Lv Shiqi is the HA increase the nutritional blood flow of myocardium in mice, can improve myocardial oxygen supply. Beijing Tongren Hospital has proved that fulvic acid can increase the number of nailfold microcirculation, reduce the number of abnormal blood vessels.
Effect of HA on cardiac blood circulation, to be more experiments further confirmed its role.
Two, on the thyroid function: in animal husbandry, HA as feed additive, the body weight and fat content of livestock increased, this change may be related to the inhibition of thyroid function, such as Xing Lianying (]977) determination of rat thyroid iodine uptake function with radioactive iodine, Lianjiang experiment using humic acid 15mg / kg / day IM. Ten, failed to prove iodine-131uptake significant inhibition. Wang Jinggui's research, that Henan Gongxian sodium fulvic acid 50mg / kg / IP for 30 days, the basic metabolism of oxygen and the consumption of rats decreased significantly. Intraperitoneal injection of 151 CI / only after the determination of radioactive iodine uptake proved thyroid function is obviously suppressed. The authors also demonstrate to the innervation of the thyroid autologous graft, also has inhibitory effect and iodine absorption, that this function is realized by the way of fluid, without relying on the innervation of the complete. Ling Guangxin that Lianjiang HA on human and rabbit red blood cell membrane and cytosol ATP ATP enzyme and Na+ enzyme activity, K+ ATP has the inhibitory effect of the Ming, will cause the body to reduce energy consumption, increase energy storage, this effect can explain the increase of body weight and fat of the poultry when using HA.
Other kinds of humic acid will have various effects on thyroid function, the experimental results Lianying Xing and Wang Jinggui's different is due to use less or shorter, or due to the use of different humic acid. The effective components of Gongxian fulvic acid application long-term inhibition of thyroid is what needs to be further confirmed.
Six, HA's body.
In order to clinical medication is more reasonable, it is necessary to carry out the pharmacokinetic experiment data obtained medication guide. Tritiated Datong producing fulvic acid with crystal clear etc. (FA), using isotope tracer method, liquid scintillation, cold H FA overall autoradiographic studies on absorption, distribution and excretion of mice, the experiment by intravenous administration, each rat dose of ll CI / 0.04m 1, which testifies the mouse tail vein injection of H FA after the blood concentration decreased rapidly after 20 minutes slower decline, alpha and beta phase half-life were 2 minutes and 72 minutes. The H - FA distribution in vivo: 1/2 hours after injection, the organization may reach the peak, kidney, liver, blood radioactivity is highest, the skeleton of the intestine, lung, muscle, card, stomach, heart low content in the brain was lowest, one hour after the intravenous injection of radioactive tissue has begun to decline after 48 hours, most of the organs decreased to 1 / 5 level. The H - FA mainly from urinary excretion, 24 hours discharge amount equivalent to 59.71% of the injected dose, in fecal content of the equivalent injection amount of 21.32%.
Zhang Tanmu, Chen Zhengyu Zhengzhou with tritiated FA was studied in vivo, found that 200mg / kzI.P or 400mg / kgP.O experiment:
1, 1 hours after IP, kidney, liver, blood and bone, radioactivity is highest, followed by the spleen, stomach, lung, heart, muscle, stomach gland, brain distribution at least 4 hours after the general decline of radioactive tissue.
2 mice, a single oral dose of H - FA400mg / kg after 15 minutes in the blood were measured after radiation, the blood concentration increased gradually, reached the peak at 4 hours, 72 hours after administration of blood is still a small amount of radioactivity.
3, after intraperitoneal injection within 24 hours, from the urine feces drug total elimination rate of 56.4%, 34.2% from the urine excreted in feces, 24.3%, about 60% is excreted in the urine within 6 hours. After oral administration of H - FA24 hours, 75% of the total urinary excretion of teeth, feces, urine from feces in 13%, 62%, that suggests that, FA is about half of the intestinal absorption of xenophobia is incomplete.
Study on these two processes in vivo, similar results. It is pointed out that the FA, with absorption distribution and excretion, and see some phenomena in the experiment. Such as oral administration, such as weak effects can be explained.
Seven, summary, evaluation and Prospect
In this paper, in recent years the humic acid of pharmacological research, a comprehensive description of, for reference only.
In summary, pharmacological research of visible HA, after the efforts of many scholars have achieved good results, it is proved that HA has strong biological activity, can be anti-inflammatory, anti ulcer, Liu - immune process excited or inhibited, the Heart Belly: the thyroid function and also presents some experimental data for hope: a step study of the foundation. HA is a kind of organic acid of ancient plants buried in the ground after years evolved. It is a mixture of various components. All kinds of HA because of its origin, origin, preparation methods, of course, different. The composition of the different, certainly showed different biological activities. So the report some of the results are not entirely consistent, it can also understand.
For such a complex mixture, a pharmacological study, with pharmacological effects may interfere with the main component of the composition. In order to explore the material such as HA, do some experiments to determine whether or not it has biological activity is necessary. Of course, the work done so far, or exploratory work. So once to get the effective composition of a role in HA, relevant experiments are required to do on the basis of present research.
So sure, there are the following:
1, HA has made the most of preparation has a good anti inflammatory effect. The experiments prove that the anti-inflammatory effect of Lianjiang HA02 group than Analginum to hydrocortisone. In recent years, has been recognized by clinical adverse reactions of corticosteroids, used very carefully, if you can find a new penalty of anti-inflammatory drugs from HA towel, replace or assist the corticosteroids, worthy of further study.
2, have shown that there are several -HA agents for preventing or treating peptic ulcer effect. As can be made into oral preparation or applicable effective components for clinical use. Can you give the clinical treatment of ulcer disease and provide a new means.
3, some of the HA preparation on immune process excited or inhibited. What kind of HA could be used for exciting free of disease, improve the body resistance; what HA could be used for immune suppression, consideration for the treatment of autoimmune disease remains to be further confirmed.
In a word, study, certainly containing valuable bioactive components in HA so far, pointed out that this is a topic worthy of study. The current pharmacological work without constant preparation, so all experimental results are not entirely consistent, yet more difficult to have a single activity from HA, only hope to get the pharmacological workers a constant preparation, to control its quality standards, then we can get a conclusion of the experiment preparation yes, and make further analysis of mechanism and effect of potency for clinical. Chemists, pharmacologists hope to cooperate with us to jointly overcome the difficulties.
