1, underground engineering accidents in drilling in common are there?
Answer: there are seven kinds of Engineering accidents:
(1), sticking accident;
(2), drilling accident;
(3) and a bit accident;
(4), falling accident;
(5), blowout and blowout accident;
(6), drilling accident;
(7) card, cable, card equipment accident.
2, what is the sticking accident?
Answer: the drill string in the well to stop for a long time or other reasons not to mention the decentralization or rotation, and sometimes can not be recycled, such as accident called sticking accident.
3, common sticking are there?
Answer: there are eight kinds of sticking accidents:
(1), adhesion sticking;
(2) and litter sticking;
(3), well collapse sticking accident;
(4), keyway sticking accident;
(5), short cycle, dry drilling accident;
(6) sand sticking accident;
(7) mud, drill rod sticking accident;
(8), reducing sticking accidents;
4, what is the sucker sticking?
Answer: the drill string in drilling fluid column pressure and formation pressure difference effect, resulting in close to wall on the drill, called sucker drill (also known as differential pressure sticking or sticking).
5, adhesion sticking characteristics?
Answer: (1) and normal drilling fluid circulation.
(2), with the extension of time, the sticking area increased, sticking is more serious, and the depth of up card.
6, the performance of drilling fluid is not good, the loss of adhesion, sticking with what effect?
Answer: drilling fluid performance is not good, the water loss, mud cake formed in the permeability of the borehole on the thick mud cake more empty, prone to sticky suction card drill.
7.More than solid content, drilling fluid, the viscosity of suction card drill impact?
Answer: solid content in drilling fluid, viscosity coefficient of mud cake bigger, more prone to adhesion sticking.
8.What is the viscosity of the suction card drill main reason?
Answer: (1), drilling in the well still a long time, activity is not timely or drill drill improper activities.
(2), mud performance does not meet the design requirements (Note: This is not tight, way out), mud column pressure and pore pressure difference. (this sentence is changed; the mud column pressure is greater than the pore pressure).
(3) the water and mud, mud cake thickness, solid control equipment not neat or due to bad use of solid control equipment, resulting in a sharp increase in solid content.
(4), the content of lubricant deep and directional wells and complex wells were added in drilling fluid, mud cake friction large group.
9, how to prevent the adhesion of card?
Answer: (1) and stop drilling time in accordance with the provisions of the activities of drill, lifting and lower activity to a large extent.
(2), drilling fluid performance meets the design requirements (not tight).
(3), strengthen equipment inspection, maintenance and management, to ensure the normal operation in the process of drilling. If the equipment failure can not drill, drill in the bottom should be all the weight of drill 2/3 pressure on the bit, the bottom hole and shaft bending forming point contact, reducing the likelihood of sticking.
(4) to strengthen the equipment with the use of solid control equipment, solid content should be controlled within 10%.
(5), directional wells, wells and complex wells in the drilling fluid with lubricant to reduce friction coefficient, directional well mixed oil quantity guarantee in 6~8%, the friction coefficient in directional wells is controlled within 0.1, wells within 0.15.
(6), in deep wells, directional wells or special complex wells, application of spiral drill collar, drill pipe and aggravate drillingjar, prevent adhesion sticking.
10, how to deal with the sucker drill?
Answer: the usual practice is to use the oil bubble or bubble solution in the card card agent, drilling wells into a certain amount of crude oil, diesel oil or lubricant, soak for a period of time, can be put on lowering trying to make the solution card.
11, sticking global crude oil, diesel oil to global as well?
Answer: the best according to a certain proportion (usually 2:1 or 1:1) global mixed oil, so the bubble effect is good, easy to solve card. When the lack of oil type, also can be used alone, but the ratio of mixed oil some poor results.
12, global oil or lubricant can take in what is sucker sticking mechanism?
Answer: because the crude reconciliation is a very good card agent, lubricant and penetrant (with appropriate diesel after better as in some QT quick penetrating agent the effect is the best). Penetration into the drilling fluid and the mud cake, mud cake and destroy the structure, reduce the viscosity of drilling fluid, so that the drill string solution card.
13, the viscosity suction card after drilling, oil bubble or injection solution agent before the card should be how to deal with?
Answer: (1) and the viscosity in suction card after drilling, the oil bubble or the injection solution card according to the provisions of the activities of drill should be agent, stop activities should be above the weight of the drill card 2/3 or all the pressure, the card drill is bent into contact with the wall to prevent the card up.
(2), the oil bubble or bubble solution card agent, adjusted according to the requirements of good mud performance, must be large displacement flushing 2~3 weeks, the well in the sand to bring out of the borehole, the borehole to prevent the increase of the resulting poly sand, global oil failure.
14, how to calculate the depth of the card?
Answer: the card points are calculated as follows:
H=K
Type: H refers to the drill string on a card at the depth of M;
L - refers to the average elongation is not continuous on the card, cm;
P - refers to is not part of the continuous drilling card on the average tension, kN;
K refers to the calculation of coefficient, different size and thickness of the drill with different K values;
K= =2.1F
Type: E - steel elastic coefficient, and its value is 2.1 * 106kg/cm2
F refers to the pipe cross-sectional area, cm2
15, how to calculate the amount of the oil bubble?
Answer: the calculation formula is as follows:
V = KV1H1V2H2
Type: V - a global oil output, m3;
K refers to the additional coefficient in general 1.2~1.5;
V1 - ring space per meter volume, m3/m;
V2 refers to the volume of the drill pipe per meter, m3/m;
H1 - ring space of the oil bubble height, m;
H2 refers to the drill pipe of oil column height, m;
Formula 16, global oil for drilling fluid?
Answer: the calculation formula for global oil drilling fluid volume is as follows:
V0 = V1H
Type: VO refers to the amount of drilling fluid for global oil, m3;
V1 refers to the volume of the drill pipe per meter, m3/m;
H to design for oil well depth, m;
16. in the construction of global oil, oil pump pressure what time?
Answer: when the total global oil amount is greater than total volume of the drill string, the crude oil at the bit when the pump pressure is the highest; when the total global oil amount is less than the drill string volume, all the oil into the drill pump pressure after it reaches the highest, until the oil out the bit. Began to decline.
17, the highest global oil pump pressure calculated?
Answer: the maximum pump pressure calculation formula is as follows:
P = P1
Type: P - the highest oil pump pressure, Mpa;
P1 used for oil displacement circulation pump pressure Mpa;
H - the maximum height of the column in oil drilling, m;
R1 - the density of drilling fluid, g/cm3;
R0 - the global oil density, g/cm3;
18, calculate the card point depth; a well diameter of 216 bit drilled to the depth of 915 meters, drilling pump repair cycle activities caused by not timely sucker drill, drill bit structure with 216mm + 159mm diameter drill collar (200m) + Phi 127mm drill pipe steel grade is E grade, 9.19mm thick, sticking the front suspension the weight is 550kN, continuous three times, the weight indicator for 650kN, 750Kn, 850kN. Drill elongation was 10cm and 20cm, 30cm respectively, the drill pipe K value is 7150, the calculated depth of sticking point?
Answer: card point depth is calculated as follows:
H=K
* =7150
=7150 x 20 / 200=715 (m)
19 calculation of global oil; according to the known conditions and card points calculated the depth of 19 to 715 meters, 200 meters lower stuck drill, drill collar diameter 159 mm, diameter 70 mm, 127 mm diameter pipe, diameter 108 mm, generally outside the tube top global oil is higher than the card point 100 meters, pipe in the outside of the tube than the oil surface height of 100 meters, global oil added coefficient of 1.2, how much is the calculation of the required amount of oil bubble?
Answer: (1), the total volume of the calculation of drill collar:
V1= pi / 4 * D2 * L1
=0.785 * 0.072 * 200
=0.77 (M3)
(2), to calculate the total volume of the drill collar:
V2= pi / 4 * * L1 (Db2DC2)
=0.785 (0.21620.1592) * * 200
=3.36 (M3)
(3) to calculate the total volume of the drill pipe:
V3= pi / 4 * DP2 * H1
=0.785 * * (100+100) (0.1082)
=1.83 (M3) (Note: before a 100 pipe oil bubble after a long, 100 for inside and outside the oil surface height)
(4) to calculate the total volume of the pipe:
V4= pi / 4 * * L2 (Db2Dp2)
=0.785 (0.21620.1272) * * 100
=2.40 (M3)
(5), to calculate the total amount of oil bubble:
V=V1V3K (V2V4)
=0.771.831.2 * (3.362.40)
=9.51 (M3)
20, the calculation for the mud volume: well known card point depth of 915 meters, depth of 715 meters, 127 wells drilling pipe, wall thickness of 9.19, higher than the global level of oil card design point of 100 meters, 100 meters higher than the liquid level in the outer surface, ground and vertical pipeline length of 30 meters (127 meters per drill with 9.25 liters), hose the 18 meter long volume 14.6 liters per meter, Kelly is 11 meters long, the volume of 5.4 liters per meter.
Answer: V for =V0 + V
V0=9.25 (715200) =4763.75 (L) =4.76 (party)
V =14.6 * 18 + 9.25 * 30 + 5.4 * 11=599.7 (L) =0.60 (party)
V for =4.76 + 0.60=5.36 (party)
21, calculating the maximum pump pressure of the oil bubble: the known bit depth of 915 meters, the card at the depth of 715 meters, the density of drilling fluid circulating pump pressure 1.25 10Mpa, for global oil density 0.85, wells drill bit + phi 216mm phi 159mm drill collar (200m) + phi (127mm pipe wall thickness of 9.19). Global oil plan 10. Calculation of bubble pump oil in the construction of the highest pressure?
Answer: first calculate the maximum length of the drilling tool in oil. 10 party =10000 L
1000 / 9.25=1081 meters is greater than the bit depth, the maximum length of solid oil in the drill in 915 meters (bit depth)
P=P1P2
=P1 + [H (R - R oil shale oil) 100].
=10[915 (1.250.85)] / 100
=103.66=13.66 (Mpa)
22, why the oil bubble or stuck after injection freeing agent as soon as possible?
Answer: because of the severity of sticking increases with time. The longer the death card not only, and is easy to move the card, increase the difficulty of processing.
23, stick suction card drill, in global oil or lubricant is immediately after injection activities, or activities for a period?
Answer: the oil bubble or the injection solution in order to make the card agent after the global oil or releasing agent penetrates into by sticking parts, should rest for a period of time to give full play to role of bubble liquid solution card, then the card working solution.
24, what is the resistance and sticking?
Answer: if the hanging weight than the original suspension weight decreased when drilling difficult call. If the heavy lifting drill string hanging over the original hanging weight called stuck.
25, drilling tool in the well in case of card, what harm difficult?
Answer: drill in the well stuck, is the precursor of sticking, this time can not be hard pressed into the drill wells, or directly to the newspaper, the fantasy. Should the Kelly circulate and the activities of drill, light pressure, slow turning, backreaming (or backreaming) to relieve, avoid accident deterioration.
26, drill in the well stuck or difficult to do?
Answer: (1), on the case of card, the pick-up weight shall not exceed the original hanging weight (including normal friction resistance drilling drill) 100kN. You should immediately connect the Kelly cycle, on the activities of drill or backreaming, inverted reaming on 5~10Kn. Strict control of turntable, intermittent rotation, reverse or prevent the drill bit drained. When lifting the drill without jamming, may carry out the next operation.
(2), the drilling resistance, under pressure shall not exceed the original hanging weight 100kN, otherwise it should immediately connect the Kelly cycle drilling, reaming, we put no blocking phenomenon, we can turn to the next operation.
27, what is the litter stuck?
Answer: well due to the falling of drill string sticking accident, call drop drill.
28, the litter sticking characteristics?
Answer: during drilling very suddenly, in the card card points with time shift, and the normal circulation of drilling fluid.
29, how to prevent litter sticking?
Answer: (1), tripping operation, to prevent objects from falling into the wellhead, check the wellhead tools according to the provisions.
(2), litter after the accident, before the death card (ie: the drill can rotate, lifting and lower extent), as a method of rotating drill will fall limp into the wall, stuck no dead lift hard pull, to prevent Tika death.
(3), empty wells should be well covered.
(4), a surface layer and a middle casing running in, try to stay small pockets, so as to avoid solid completion of cement solidification, drilling again below, cement ring is long, easy to fall off cause sticking.
30, how to deal with the litter stuck?
Answer: (1), lifting and lower activities of drill or rotate gently, will fall limp into the wall (Note: must be in the range of drill torsion coefficient, prevent twist drill).
(2), will pick up and down the drilling jar, for shock solution card.
(3), will open the milling processing drill down.
31, what is the drill hole collapse?
Answer: because the wall collapse will be buried drill stuck, called drill hole collapse.
32, well collapse sticking reasons are those?
Answer: (1), drilling fluid performance does not meet the design requirements, resulting in collapse formation collapse.
(2), because the upper wellbore collapse caused by leakage wells.
(3), the density of drilling fluid is lower than the formation pressure, resulting in collapse.
(4), drilling not filled with mud, caused by collapse.
(5), the pumping action of drill bit balling formation caused by pulling a piston hole collapse.
(6), after the blowout or oil bubble solution card, wellbore stability caused by loss of hole collapse.
33, how to prevent the drill hole collapse?
Answer: (1), drilling fluid performance meets the design requirements, changes are not too large.
(2), well leak plugging measures should take timely measures.
(3), drill to fill mud.
(4), to prevent the occurrence of the accident.
(5), according to the formation fracture pressure and formation pore pressure, with reasonable drilling fluid density balance sloughing formation.
(6) solution, card after the disposal of the accidents should be promptly wash well and adjust the performance of drilling fluid.
(7), for the upper and lower hydration dispersion formation step good permeability formation, to strictly control the water loss of mud, and increase the short play times, avoid the formation of pumping piston pull down.
34, well collapse drill features?
Answer: (1), not mention decentralization, turntable can not rotate.
(2), can not pump.
35, how to handle well collapse drill?
Answer: (1) and the test card, the card will pour out above the drill opened by pouring loose blasting method.
(2), take the drilling fluid borehole stability quality deterioration, control well collapse.
(3), the corresponding size of the milling tool suitable for milling of buried drill.
(4), set (or close all drill bit and centralizer position), and connected to the hydraulic jar on the buckle, trying to restore circulation shock solution card. If the card is not the solution, global oil or releasing agent with jar card.
36, what is the key card?
Answer: drill hole keyway is caused by the card, called the keyway sticking.
37, key seating sticking characteristics?
Answer: (1), key seating sticking after normal drilling fluid circulation pump pressure, no change.
(2), lift the drill, (before the death of pick-up card) card, under normal.
(3), lift the drill, the death card before the pick-up card, the sticking position unchanged or changed a little.
38, how to prevent the keyway sticking?
Answer: (1), to ensure the well bore quality, the angle change rate with wellbore quality standard.
(2), drill into position with keyway, slow speed, gently lift, prevent said Reggie drilling tool die.
(3) and after (keyway drill pipe joint sometimes block), do not easily change into the well drilling tool structure.
(4), a drill, drill to the top with a cone or keyway keyway breaker will eliminate the keyway.
(5), in directional wells, with 18 degree of drill pipe, reduce and overcome the keyway.
39, key sticking on how to deal with?
Answer: (1) first, not the drill string provided should die, Kelly circulating drilling fluid, rotate in different directions,. If there is no need to turn slowly, backreaming.
(2), ground jar hit card
(3) and the test card, in the appropriate location of reverse detonation distance keyway loose, then jar on the buckle card bubble solution agent on solution card or backreaming lift accident.
(4), test card, card in the distance above the proper position of loose, washover (or milling, buckle) shock release accident.
40, what is the mud short cycle?
Answer: not all the mud from the drill bit from circulation, called mud circulation circuit.
41.What are the reasons, drilling fluid short cycle?
Answer: (1), downhole drill buckle, stab, tripping off, etc..
(2), the ground pressure pipeline (gate, flange, welding and unionset stab etc.).
(3) gate, perversion, such as mud filling gate is not closed.
42, drilling fluid which has short circuit phenomenon or characteristics?
Answer: (1), the pump pressure gradually decreased.
(2), the pump displacement is not reduced, the well cuttings with out or upper stratum debris increased.
(3), bit balling drill slowly, bit bouncing, jump occurred in drilling drilling.
(4), wheel load, torque increase.
43, what are the hazards of drilling fluid short?
Answer: (1), the short circuit of drilling fluid circulation, drill stem drilling mud pack, prone to sticking.
(2) after the assassination, drill, easy to be broken, the fish is often stuck.
44.How to deal with the short cycle?
Answer: (1), first check whether the ground equipment, mud pump pipeline, Sheung Shui, ground gate whether there is leakage or not to close the gate.
(2), if the ground is normal, should be immediately low-speed drilling, rotary rope shackle. Detailed examination in drilling drill, in case of card, prevent death caused by sticking provided should be pulled out.
45, what is the short cycle drill?
Answer: because of short drilling fluid circulation, drill stem drilling drill string is caused by the short circuit card, called circular drill.
46, short cycle drilling fluid drilling dry sticking accident what harm?
Answer: drilling fluid short dry drilling sticking accident cause is a malignant sticking accident. The general processing is complex, not only delay the production time, and cause huge economic losses, serious will cause the well.
47, how to prevent drilling fluid short dry drilling drill?
Answer: (1), strict inspection tools, does not conform to what requirements are not allowed into the well.
(2) to strengthen the drill testing.
(3), on the floor under the drill must wear protective screw thread, protect.
(4), a connection must be coated with screw drill oil, double clamp, reach the torque requirements.
(5), prohibit the use of reverse buckle, to prevent the drill was open.
(6), found in the drilling pump pressure drop and suspending any tiny change, first check from the ground, and then check the drilling tool.
(7), must be flexible to use pump pressure meter, which is convenient for judging the change of pump pressure.
(8), small pump pressure changes, the formation has not changed, and the drilling speed suddenly slow, should immediately check up the drill collar drill bit (or close to the centralizer) are thread stab.
48, what is the sand sticking?
Answer: in the drilling cycle, not enough displacement or lack of circulating drilling fluid displacement, the performance is not good, causing debris to sink, blockage of the annular space. Buried bit and drill caused by sticking, called sand sticking.
49, the reason caused heavy sand sticking?
Answer: (1) and fast drilling cuttings with water, not easy to return, a lot of sinking when the pump stops.
(2), drilling fluid performance does not meet the design requirements, high solid content, there is no suspension ability, stop the cycle of cuttings sinking.
(3), drilling well leakage, debris not return when the pump stops sinking sand.
(4), the connection time long, the pump is not timely a lot of debris to sink, the pump is too fierce, drilling on the top or limp stuck.
50, when the sand sticking characteristics?
Answer: (1) after unloading, square drill pipe drilling tool, drilling fluid return.
(2), open the pump or pump limp zone, wellhead drilling fluid volume reduced or no return.
51, how to prevent grit sticking?
Answer: (1), drilling drilling speed control for drilling fluid, increasing displacement to return to cuttings.
(2), in the sloughing drilling by using drilling fluid design quality, appropriate increase of mudcarrying ability, connection and to do early to open the pump pump late when necessary, take the "retreat into a three" measures (i.e.: each half root or a single pump, reaming two, stop the pump decentralization once determined to normal after continue drilling or connection).
(3), found that the high drilling speed and increasing cycle time properly, keep the bottom clean.
(4), according to the regional characteristics and formulate corresponding drilling, short trip system. General 100~200 meters short next.
(5), good use of solids control equipment, control of solid content in drilling fluid.
(6), no water directly into the mud should be added, with a good glue, and then added into the mud.
52, how to deal with the sand sticking?
Answer: (1), as far as possible with the number of small displacement, the establishment of recycling, and then wash with large displacement wells, global solution liquid card (or oil) for card.
(2) if not, the establishment of recycling, should be measured in the card, card points or more loose. Under the jar of shock solution buckle card.
(3) and the test card, the card above the loose, the fish should be longer milling, set after the next jar jar card.
53, what is the name of the mud bag drill?
Answer: because the drill bit or drill mud bag, caused by drill drill drill rod sticking called mud.
54, caused by drill or drill mud bag?
Answer: (1), because the water pump is not good, not even water.
(2) the drill, was not found in time.
(3), the performance of drilling fluid is not good.
(4), upper strata water dispersed well and drilling speed is too fast, while the displacement of drilling fluid is insufficient, not timely cleaning.
(5), such as error, drilling, drilling and slip.
55, the drilling mud bag?
Answer: (1), generally not open the pump, some can pump, but high pump pressure, the circulating pump pressure after a period of time, there is a certain decline.
(2), rotation torque is large, even a limp and skip drilling phenomenon, drilling footage.
56, how to prevent the drilling mud bag?
Answer: (1), ensure the pump water is good, as far as possible with large displacement.
(2), drilling fluid performance meets the design requirements, otherwise it should stop drilling mud treatment.
(3), in the drilling of large viscosity in mudstone, no increase of drilling pressure to ensure uniform drilling.
(4), strictly prevent drilling fluid short cycle, timely stop drilling pump pressure drop, check equipment. If the device has no problem, immediately check the drilling tool.
(5), the operator focus, to prevent the slide drilling, drilling.
(6), drilling, weight indicator to pump pressure table, sensitive and easy to use.
57, how to deal with drilling mud bag?
Answer: (1), its circulating flushing, large displacement.
(2), to restore the drill rotates, fully reaming or backreaming.
(3), further adjustments to the mud performance, reduce the viscosity and shear stress, if still not solution card, using global solution card or oil treatment agent.
(4) if its barrier, can not restore the rotation of the explosion of loose, the drilling collar above the ground, jar jar card.
58, what is the necking drill?
Answer: because of the borehole drilling to narrow the slim hole, the drill string, called necking drill bit jamming.
59, reducing sticking characteristics?
Answer: open the pump pressure is very high, not open a pump or a limp zone.
60, by reducing sticking, what is the reason?
Answer: (1), drilling fluid performance does not meet the design requirements.
(2), drilling expansion strata, loss of water is easy to cause the formation of borehole expansion, narrowing.
(3), and high solid content in drilling fluid loss, the formation of false or false wall in the wall of mud cake.
(4), drill wear serious, drill diameter is reduced, the new drill accidentally inserted into the slim hole.
61, how to prevent the shrinkage of card?
Answer: (1), the use of high-quality drilling fluid, especially to control water loss is less than 5ml and the solid content is less than 10%.
(2) and block, not hard, hard pressure, ensure the drill can rotate and circulating.
(3), drilling engineer (or technician) to drill wells and new team out of the old drill and centralizer, carefully measured, in order to take the necessary technical measures.
(4), the old bit is out of the outer wear serious, into the new bit difficult, not hard pressed to take reaming, until the bottom, can return to normal drilling pressure drilling.
62, how to handle the necking drill?
Answer: (1) on the ground, Tika drill, available subs down card.
(2) and the test card, the card drill point above the loose poured, connected with the upper and lower jar jar card.
(3), if loose after the fish in the hole more shock and milling processing will be invalid.
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